Safety Evaluation of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on Heamatological Indices, Antioxidant Status and Organs in Normal Sprague Dawley Rats
*1Olumese Fidelis. E and Oni Bukola. O
1University of Benin, College of Medical Sciences. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: fidelis.olumese@uniben.edu; Tel: +234802 353 8551
Recieved Date: 24th April, 2022; Accepted Date: 2nd June, 2022; Published Date: December, 2022
Citation: Olumese, FE and Oni, BO. Safety Evaluation of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on Heamatological Indices, Antioxidant Status and Organs in Normal Sprague Dawley Rats J Basic Appl Med Scis 2022; 2(2):36-48
ABSTRACT
Background: The high dosage of plant extracts has the potential to cause serious toxic effects, though they are of natural origin, it cannot necessarily be safe. Objective: To assess the safety of Sphenocentrum jollyanum stem consumption in the treatment of diseases. Materials and Methods: Sphenocentrum jollyanum was extracted with absolute ethanol, freeze dried and administered orally at 10mg, 100mg and 1000mg/kg (Acute: phase I) and 1600mg, 2900mg and 5000mg/kg body weight (Acute: phase II). The extract was administered through gastric gavage. In sub-chronic toxicity the extract was administered orally at doses ranging from 200 to 5000mg/kg. The survived animals (100 %), were euthanized, and blood collected for biochemical and haematological assessment, while the heart, liver, kidney and pancreas, were harvested for histopathological evaluation. Results: The acute toxicity show no sign of toxicity at 5000mg/kg body weight. In the sub-chronic toxicity, there were no significant (p >0.05) changes in the red cell indices and white blood cell (WBC) count. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in platelets at the tested doses of extract. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the treated animals was elevated when compared to control. At 200mg and 5000mg of extract there was significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood glucose. Histopathologically, the Kuffer cells of the liver were activated, while the kidney, heart and pancreas show normal microarchitecture. Conclusion: This study showed that the consumption of extract may not be harmful in this animal model.